Air Pollution in Nepal: What You Need to Know to Stay Safe

As pollution levels continue to rise in Kathmandu and other parts of Nepal, doctors and environmental experts warn of serious health risks—both short and long term.

As of April 6, 2025, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Kathmandu stands at 177, categorizing it as 'Unhealthy'. Although there was a slight improvement due to increased wind speeds, the AQI remains in the 'Unhealthy' range, indicating persistent air quality concerns. 

This indicates that everyone may begin to experience health effects, especially for people with respiratory conditions, children, and the elderly.

Q: Why should we be worried about air pollution?

A: Air pollution can harm your lungs and heart. It increases the risk of asthma, bronchitis, heart attacks, stroke, and even some cancers. More than 7 million people die each year around the world because of air pollution.

Q: What are the short-term effects of breathing polluted air?

A: You may feel coughing, wheezing, tightness in your chest, or shortness of breath. People with asthma or COPD may see their symptoms get worse. Pregnant women should be extra careful, as pollution can harm both the mother and the baby.

Q: What about long-term exposure?

A: Breathing polluted air for a long time can lead to serious diseases like lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart problems, and even some types of cancer.

Q: How do I know if pollution is affecting my health?

A: If you often cough, feel out of breath, have chest pain, or feel dizzy and tired without any other cause, air pollution might be a reason. See a doctor if these symptoms last for a while.

Q: What should I do on days when the AQI is high?

• Check air quality apps before going out.

• Avoid outdoor exercise.

• Stay indoors as much as possible.

• Wear an N95 mask if you must go outside.

• Keep windows and doors closed to avoid outside air entering your home.

Q: Can I improve the air inside my home?

A: Yes. You can use an air purifier with a HEPA filter to clean indoor air. Avoid burning candles, incense, or wood indoors. Don’t smoke inside the house. Also, make sure your home has proper ventilation.

Q: Are N95 masks helpful?

A: Yes. N95 masks can filter 95% of harmful particles like PM2.5. But they need to be worn correctly. However, they don't protect from gases or smoke completely.

With Kathmandu’s air pollution reaching dangerous levels, it’s important to protect yourself. Simple steps like wearing masks, staying indoors, eating healthy, and using air purifiers can make a big difference.